Risk Classification and the Precision Medicine Approach
Treatment in 2026 is strictly governed by risk groups determined by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) criteria. This classification is more precise than ever, using genomic markers to dictate the intensity of therapy.
Low-Risk: Often requires only surgical resection or, in some infants (Stage MS), careful observation as the tumor may spontaneously regress.
Intermediate-Risk: Typically managed with surgery and moderate-intensity chemotherapy to shrink the tumor while minimizing long-term side effects.
High-Risk: Requires an intensive multi-phase approach: Induction (chemotherapy/surgery), Consolidation (high-dose chemo with stem cell rescue), and Maintenance (immunotherapy and targeted drugs).
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